{"id":376,"date":"2021-05-13T16:22:13","date_gmt":"2021-05-13T16:22:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museum.middcreate.net\/projects\/early-modern-dutch-prints\/?page_id=376"},"modified":"2021-05-16T18:19:11","modified_gmt":"2021-05-16T18:19:11","slug":"the-three-graces-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/museum.middcreate.net\/projects\/early-modern-dutch-prints\/the-three-graces-2\/","title":{"rendered":"The Three Graces"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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The Three Graces<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

ARTIST: Jacob Matham (Dutch, 1571 \u2013 1631), after Hendrick Goltzius (Dutch, 1558 \u2013 1617)
DATE: 1588
TECHNIQUE: Engraving<\/a>
DIMENSIONS: Image: 28.9 X 20.5 cm, Platemark<\/a>: 30 x 21.1 cm, Paper Size: 31 x 21.9 cm
STATE<\/a>: II\/III
WATERMARK<\/a>: Partial, indecipherable
INSCRIPTION: Lower left: \u201cHG. Inuent.\u201d; in margin below image, lower left: \u201cCur nud\u00e6 Charites? et mundo orbata iuuenta?\/Hic quia fucus abest, est ubi uerus Amor.\u201d; lower right: \u201cMunda carnet mundo, nullo se tegmine velant,\/Sese ornata sat est intemerata charis\u201d.; lower right corner: 8.\u201d
CATALOGUE REFERENCE: New Hollstein Dutch 355 I\/II, Bartsch 285, Hollstein Dutch 244
CREDIT LINE: Gift of Barbara P. Taft & Hugh M. Taft \u201844
PROVENANCE: Purchased from Lucien Goldschmidt, Inc., 1980
OBJECT NUMBER: 1996.061<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Dancing upon the heavy clouds, the female figures in Jacob Matham\u2019s The Three Graces<\/em> stand suspended in the middle of their circular ritual. The three Graces of Greek mythology represented beauty, nature, and human creativity. They were traditionally depicted as seen in Matham\u2019s print, with the central figure viewed from behind and her companions at her sides in profile. The Graces pose in the nude with their arms encircling each other, placing laurel wreaths upon one another\u2019s intricately braided heads. Consistent with Mannerism, an artistic style from the 16th- and 17th-centuries, the goddesses\u2019 bodies have peculiar and unrealistic proportions. Their dainty facial features contrast with their excessively muscular torsos and elongated limbs. Despite their twisted angles, Matham\u2019s use of light and shadow emphasizes the graceful geometries in their humanoid forms. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Matham reproduced<\/a> the composition of this print from a work by his mentor and stepfather Hendrick Goltzius, a fellow Dutch Mannerist printmaker. He also applies Goltzius\u2019 engraving techniques, creating flesh and fabric with a series of swelling and tapering lines. Much like other Mannerist works, the main grouping of figures is placed before a background that appears both flat and infinite, compressing space. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the small number \u201c8\u201d in the lower right hand corner demonstrates, this work is the eighth part of a print series which includes Minerva and Mercury<\/a><\/em>, entitled Mythological and Allegorical Subjects<\/em>. Only the second state, or artist\u2019s edition, of the plate includes this number, suggesting that this impression<\/a> was pulled from the second state rather than the first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Written by Cicely Bernhard, edited by Simone Edgar Holmes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Bibliography<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kok, Jan Piet Filedt, Marjolein Leesberg, edited by Ger Luijten. The New Hollstein Dutch and Flemish Etchings, Engravings, and Woodcuts 1450-1700<\/em>. The De Gheyn Family. 2 vols. Rotterdam: Sound and Vision Publishers, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perny, Mich\u00e8le. \u201cThe Three Graces.\u201d Louvre. Accessed June 26, 2020. https:\/\/www.louvre.fr\/en\/oeuvre-notices\/three-graces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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